{"id":100,"date":"2018-04-04T09:18:54","date_gmt":"2018-04-04T09:18:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/?page_id=100"},"modified":"2018-04-04T09:18:54","modified_gmt":"2018-04-04T09:18:54","slug":"should-an-increase-in-cerebral-neurochemicals-following-head-kicks-in-full-contact-karate-influence-return-to-play","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/?page_id=100","title":{"rendered":"Should an increase in cerebral neurochemicals following head kicks in full contact karate influence return to play"},"content":{"rendered":"
Graham MR<\/a>1<\/sup>, Pates J<\/a>1<\/sup>, Davies B<\/a>2<\/sup>, Cooper SM<\/a>3<\/sup>, Bhattacharya K<\/a>4<\/sup>, Evans PJ<\/a>5<\/sup>, Baker JS<\/a>6<\/sup>.<\/div>\n
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Author information<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Abstract<\/h3>\n
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BACKGROUND:<\/h4>\n

Cerebral neurochemicals are markers of traumatic brain injury (TBI).<\/p>\n

OBJECTIVES:<\/h4>\n

The aim of the study was to determine whether kicks to the head (KTH) in full contact karate significantly increased serum concentrations of protein S-100B, and neurone specific enolase (NSE). Kicks to the body (KTB) were also quantified to asses muscle tissue injury. Muscle damage was assessed by analysis of serum total creatine kinase (CK).<\/p>\n

METHODS:<\/h4>\n

Twenty-four full contact karate practitioners were observed and filmed during actual competition and divided into two main groups post event: (1) Kicks to the head and body group (KTH): n = 12; mean \u00b1 SD; age, 30.4 \u00b1 6.7 years; height, 1.74 \u00b1 0.1 m; weight, 79.1 \u00b1 2.1 kg; and (2): Kicks to the body group (KTB): n = 12; mean \u00b1 SD; age, 28.2 \u00b1 6.5 years; height, 1.75 \u00b1 0.1 m; weight, 79.2 \u00b1 1.7 kg. The KTH group received direct kicks to the head, while group KTB received kicks and punches to the body. Blood samples were taken before and immediately post-combat for analysis of serum S-100B, NSE, CK and cardiac troponin.<\/p>\n

RESULTS:<\/h4>\n

Significant increases in serum concentrations of S-100B (0.12 \u00b1 0.17 vs. 0.37 \u00b1 0.26, \u00b5g.L(-1)) and NSE (11.8 \u00b1 4.1 vs. 20.2 \u00b1 9.1 ng.mL(-1)) were encountered after combat in the KTH group and CK (123 \u00b1 53 vs. 184 \u00b1 103 U.L(-1)) in the KTB group (all P <0.05).<\/p>\n

CONCLUSIONS:<\/h4>\n

Head kicks in full contact karate cause elevation of neurochemical markers associated with damaged brain tissue. The severity of injury is related to the early post-traumatic release of protein S-100B and NSE. The early kinetics and appearance post injury can reflect intracranial pathology, and suggest S-100B and NSE are extremely sensitive prognostic markers of TBI.<\/p>\n

\u00a9 The Author(s) 2015.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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KEYWORDS:<\/h4>\n

NSE; S100-B; TBI; concussion; sport<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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PMID:<\/dt>\n
25816397<\/dd>\n
DOI:<\/dt>\n
10.1177\/0394632015577045<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n
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[Indexed for MEDLINE]<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n

Download PDF Here.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Graham MR1, Pates J1, Davies B2, Cooper SM3, Bhattacharya K4, Evans PJ5, Baker JS6. Author information Abstract BACKGROUND: Cerebral neurochemicals are markers of traumatic brain injury (TBI). OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine whether kicks to the head (KTH) in full contact karate significantly increased serum concentrations of protein S-100B, and neurone […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":96,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101,"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions\/101"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/96"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/boxbiba.co.uk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}